America By the Numbers

NYT us by the numbersThis is a nice infographic from the NYT highlighting some of the data from the 2010 U.S. Census:

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/01/07/us/CENSUS.html

Some of the highlights

  • We’re eating less meat and fewer vegetables per person per year, down 5.4 lbs and 30 lbs, respectively, since 2000.  One wonders where we are making up the difference?
  • The marriage rate is the lowest since 1970, and the divorce rate is comparable to that year’s, as well.

The accompanying article from the Times can be found here, and the U.S. Census Bureau’s Statistical Abstract of the United States, where this summary information is drawn from, can be found here.

More on College Rankings

college rankingsThis article in the New York Times discusses a controversy surrounding a recent ranking of colleges that put Egypt’s University of Alexandria among the top 200 universities in the world.  An informed observer describes the school as “not even the best university in Alexandria“.

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/15/education/15iht-educLede15.html

How did this school achieve such a high ranking?  In a subcategory measuring the impact of research, which counted for approximately 33% of the school’s overall score, the University of Alexandria placed fourth in the world, ahead of Harvard and Stanford.  Sound fishy?  Seems as though most of the research citations came from one professor who published 320 articles in a journal he, himself, was in charge of.

Trying to come up with quantitative measures for colleges (or high schools, or teachers) is tricky business.  Not only is it hard to agree on what to measure, but it’s tough to figure out how to measure it.

And once the rating culture sets in, gaming of the system, as seen in this particular case, will inevitably follow.  “Tell me how I will be measured, and I will tell you how I will behave“.  I’m not sure who said this originally, but an engineer friend shared it with me many years ago, and it always comes to mind in these situations.

Hopefully in the future, more schools will follow the example of Reed College and refuse to participate in these rankings.

Data Visualization

spiffier roslingThis is a fancier version of a well-known Hans Rosling video showing correlations between life-expectancy and income across time periods and geographical regions.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo

It’s truly a beautiful representation, and it really helps make sense of a large set of multi-dimensional data.

The original version is a bit more academic in feel, but you can’t blame Rosling for going a little Hollywood here.

Testing the Testers

mc testThe SAT has long been a thorn in the side of students, parents, and teachers everywhere.  At some point it became the standard for establishing academic potential, and we’ve been forced to deal with it ever since.

It’s almost too easy to loathe the SAT and its administrative body, the College Board:  they rake in billions in revenue for providing an assessment that is of debatable value; they have helped create a mindset and industry around the idea of “test prep”;  and the College Board has positioned itself as a significant voice in education policy.  Worst of all is that, at their heart, they are a secretive entity accountable to no one.

Which makes stories like this all the sweeter.

http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/ConsumerNews/teen-student-finds-longer-sat-essay-equals-score/story?id=12061494

A smart high school student, Milo Beckman, had a hypothesis about the essay component of the SAT:  he thought that longer essays earned higher scores, independent of quality.  So he took a poll of his classmates, correlated the length of their essays with their eventual scores, and ran a regression analysis on the data.  The results?

Milo says out of 115 samples, longer essays almost always garnered higher scores.

“The probability that such a strong correlation would happen by chance is 10 to the negative 18th. So 00000 …18 zeros and then (an) 18. Which is zero,” he said.

And Milo’s hypothesis seems in line with the opinions of some other prominent SAT critics.

Maybe these important exams are being so closely examined?

Scattered Popularity in Baseball

I enjoyed reading through this marketing document from Harris Interactive about the popularity of Major League Baseball.  Lots of interesting facts about who watches baseball (higher percentage of people in the East versus other regions; percentages rise with income), and a nice ranking of the league’s most popular teams.

Putting the popularity rankings together with team salary information, I made myself a nice little scatter plot.

MLB Popularity Regression

Team payroll along the horizontal is in millions, and the popularity is out of 30 teams, with 30 being “most popular”.

Not too hard to guess the red triangle in the upper right:  first in popularity and team payroll, your New York Yankees!  The World Series Champion San Francisco Giants are the big red circle around (93,23).  And kudos to the Atlanta Braves, the nice red square in the top middle, as they seem to be getting the best popularity return for their payroll dollars.  The sad yellow diamond in the bottom left is for one particular reader:  maybe next year!

There does seem to be a positive relationshp between the amount spent on salary and the team’s overall popularity, but there are probably a lot of reasons for that.

Lots of other interesting ways to slice and dice this data.  Take a look at the document and try it yourself!

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