Story Collider Performance

In April I was privileged to participate in a Story Collider event on the Lower East side, where I and five other Math for America teachers told stories about our lives in and out of the classroom.

The full video of my story is now available. Watch it to find out why I consider teaching to be a party at the edge of human knowledge.

It was humbling to take part along side my MfA colleagues, whose stories were courageous, personal, and deeply moving. You can find links to all the stories here.

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Teaching With the Data of Economic Mobility

My latest piece for the New York Times Learning Network was inspired by some amazing data visualizations from The Upshot.

These animations show trends in economic mobility gathered from a landmark study of 20 million Americans. In my lesson, students use the Upshot’s customizable tools to collect and analyze data from the study to determine which groups of Americans have the best chance of improving their economic standing.

Here’s the introduction:

America is often referred to as the land of opportunity. But are all opportunities created equal? Do all Americans have the same chance of achieving the American dream?

A groundbreaking study of United States census data examined how the economic status of 20 million Americans changed from childhood to adulthood, and while the data has a lot to tell us about economic opportunity in the United States, it is likely to raise more questions than it answers.

In this lesson, students use tools created by The New York Times to explore data from the study on economic mobility. They will analyze and categorize economic outcomes, compare and contrast statistics for different demographic groups, and pose and explore their own questions about what this data has to say about economic opportunity.

Does everyone in America have the same chance at success? Let’s see what the data says.

The full lesson is freely available here.

Thanks, James

I was recently surprised by a visit from a student I hadn’t seen in eight years. Though he had often come to mind, I never expected to see him again.

Eight school years ago, James and I got off to a good start. But in the spring term, expectations were not being met. On a bad day, I communicated this to James in a way that negatively impacted our relationship. He stopped coming to class.

I didn’t see him for a week or so. When I tracked him down, he told me he had lost respect for me because of the way I had treated him. It was hard to hear; the truth often is. I apologized. He resumed coming to class and finished the year, but our relationship was never quite right again.

The falling out was on both our minds when he visited. “I still think about it,” I said. “Yeah, I wanted to apologize for that,” James replied. I told him no apology was necessary. In fact, I appreciated his courage and maturity in calling me out. I had good intentions, but my actions made the situation worse. It happens sometimes: Often enough, in my career, that I feel like I’ve finally learned my lesson.

Unfortunately I won’t get the opportunity to resolve all those issues from the past. But I’m glad I got that chance here. James is doing well, figuring out who he is, finding success. I’m not sure exactly why, but there was some comfort in knowing that our falling out affected him, too. I was grateful that we could find some positive resolution, even after eight years.

Teaching is an incredibly challenging job. It is a constant struggle to find balance: the balance between expectations and patience; between being tough and being understanding; between pushing a young person and letting them be. As teachers, we are challenged to find that balance a hundred times a day. Somedays we come up short, and we have to live with the consequences. This is the emotional toll of the job.

But that emotional investment also means a brief, unexpected visit years later can make a world of difference. Thanks, James.

A Soccer Masterclass

Over the past few years I’ve attended around 100 youth soccer classes. Apart from the joy (and occasional frustration) of watching my children learn the game, it’s been interesting observing the classes from a teacher’s perspective.

I’ve seen lots of ineffective instruction. Too much teacher talking. Too much student sitting. Confusing directions. Meaningless metaphors. Wildly inaccurate assessment of prior knowledge. A lack of context for skill development. To be fair, the instructors are almost always warm, well-intentioned, and passionate; they simply aren’t properly trained as teachers. Observing them has been an enlightening professional experience.

But when the head of the program’s curriculum development led a recent class, the difference was dramatic. I watched with another parent, also a teacher, who described it as a masterclass on youth sport instruction. She was right.

Here were some of the most noticeable features:

  • The teacher simultaneously conveyed warmth, invitation, and authority
  • Routines were immediately established to capture students’ attention
  • Though only teaching the class for a single day, the teacher learned and used students’ names
  • Students had freedom to make choices, like poses to strike when freezing the ball, or names for each side of the practice field
  • The teacher masterfully blended seriousness and silliness

The students were moving for most of the class, and they were clearly having fun. It was an obviously successful lesson.

What was more subtle, and perhaps more impressive to me given my previous observations, was the instructional content. The students were engaged in activities that served a fundamental and developmentally-appropriate soccer skill: finding and moving into open space. And this goal was clearly communicated, both explicitly and through the instructional design of the activities.

It may seem funny that a group of five-year-olds running around in the park prompted some deep reflection on high school math instruction. But good teaching is good teaching. And regardless of the context, it’s a pleasure to behold.

Why Winning in Rock-Paper-Scissors (and in Life) Isn’t Everything — Quanta Magazine

My latest column for Quanta Magazine explores the concept of a Nash equilibrium in the simple game of Rock-Paper-Scissors.

A Nash equilibrium occurs in a game when each player employs a strategy that can’t be improved upon. That is, in a Nash equilibrium, no player can improve their individual outcome by changing their strategies. John Nash proved that in all games involving a finite number of players and a finite number of options, a Nash equilibrium must exist. This result revolutionized game theory and economics, and earned Nash the Nobel Prize in 1994.

My column explores the nature of Nash equlibria in the context of a game everyone is familiar with: Rock-Paper-Scissors.

So, what does a Nash equilibrium look like in Rock-Paper-Scissors? Let’s model the situation with you (Player A) and your opponent (Player B) playing the game over and over. Each round, the winner earns a point, the loser loses a point, and ties count as zero.

Now, suppose Player B adopts the (silly) strategy of choosing Paper every turn. After a few rounds of winning, losing, and tying, you are likely to notice the pattern and adopt a winning counterstrategy by choosing Scissors every turn. Let’s call this strategy profile (Scissors, Paper). If every round unfolds as Scissors vs. Paper, you’ll slice your way to a perfect record.

The guaranteed existence of Nash equilibria dramatically impacts the way we study economic incentives, treaty negotiations, network analysis, and many other things. However, a recent paper suggests that even though Nash equilibria must exist, it may be unwise to assume players will always find them! You can learn more by reading the full article at Quanta Magazine.

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