This is an awesome old-school style video demonstrating how simple cam-based mechanical systems can be implemented to process numbers.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-F7m02XDfvE
Calculating reciprocals, squares, and tangents using rotating disks: it’s amazing stuff! I wish I had seen (and appreciated) something like this as a young student. It might have made me appreciate engineering a little more.
Be sure to check out the barrel cam at the end that is used to compute gun elevation. I imagine something like this is at the heart of the mechanical calculators out there.