Today we celebrate a Derangement Day! Usually I call a day like today a Permutation Day because the digits of the day and month can be rearranged to form the year, but there’s something extra special about today’s date:
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The numbers of the month and day are a derangement of the year: that is, they are a permutation of the digits of the year in which no digit remains in its original place!
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Derangements pop up in some interesting places, and are connected to many rich mathematical ideas. The question “How many derangements of n objects are there?” is a fun and classic application of the principle of inclusion-exclusion. Derangements also figure in to some calculations of e and rook polynomials.
So enjoy Derangement Day! Today, it’s ok to be totally out of order.